基于PLC的侧深施肥装置自动控制系统设计

（1. 益阳职业技术学院，湖南 益阳 413000；2. 湖南中天龙舟股份有限公司，湖南 岳阳 414000）

(1.Yiyang Vocational and Technical College, Hunan Yiyang 413000; 2.Hunan Zhongtian Dragon Boat Co., Ltd., Hunan Yueyang 414000)

 

摘　要：【目的】侧深施肥装置在水田作业环境中存在排肥管堵塞、肥料颗粒破碎率高等问题。【方法】课题组设计制造了一套恒湿干燥排肥改造后的自动化控制系统，该装置由积肥盒、螺旋排肥机构、恒湿系统、肥料作业检测系统以及自动控制系统组成。该系统以西门子1214C AC/DC/ALY PLC为中央控制器，控制各个阀门、抬升液压缸、电机的动作，并接收湿度传感器的信号；上位机软件采用西门子WinCC V7.0进行设计，通过触摸屏与PLC的通信，完成侧深排肥系统的人机交互功能。【结果】该系统可实现螺旋施肥量的精准控制、施肥装置抬升与下降、施肥堆肥区域温湿度控制、施肥量动态监控、排肥区域湿度控制等功能，整个控制系统可在施肥过程中实现全自动化并实时更新显示状态。【结论】与传统电气控制方式相比，利用PLC进行侧深施肥控制系统设计具有更高的系统稳定性，有效减轻了人员工作量，提高了工作效率，同时具有较好的工程价值。

关键词：侧深施肥；PLC；湿度控制；动态监控

 

Abstract: [Objective] The side deep fertilization device has problems with clogged fertilizer discharge pipes and high rate of fertilizer particle breakage in paddy field operating environments. [Method] The research group designed and manufactured an automated control system after the transformation of constant humidity drying and fertilizer discharge. The device consists of a fertilizer accumulation box, a spiral fertilizer discharge mechanism, a constant humidity system, a fertilizer operation detection system, and an automatic control system. The system uses Siemens 1214C AC/DC/ALY PLC as the central controller, controlling the actions of various valves, lifting hydraulic cylinders, and motors, and receiving signals from humidity sensors. The upper computer software is designed using Siemens WinCC V7.0, and the human-machine interaction function of the side deep fertilizer discharge system is completed through communication between the touch screen and PLC. [Result] The system can achieve precise control of spiral fertilization amount, lifting and lowering of fertilization device, temperature and humidity control of fertilization and composting area, dynamic monitoring of fertilization amount, and humidity control of fertilizer discharge area. The entire control system can achieve full automation and real-time update of display status during the fertilization process. [Conclusion] Compared with traditional electrical control methods, using PLC for the design of side deep fertilization control system has higher system stability, effectively reduces personnel workload, improves work efficiency, and has good engineering value.

Keywords: side deep fertilization; PLC; humidity control; dynamic monitoring