昆虫传粉对主要授粉作物油菜的传粉服务价值评估——以南充市为例

基金项目：西华师范大学科研创新团队项目（CXTD2020-4）

作者：胡丹（西华师范大学生命科学学院，四川 南充 637002）

 

摘　要：【目的】查明南充市为主要授粉作物——油菜（Brassica rapa var. oleifera）传粉的昆虫种类，测定油菜对传粉昆虫的传粉依存度并对传粉昆虫为油菜授粉的传粉服务进行价值评估。【方法】采用随机网捕法和定点观察法，调查了南充市油菜种植园传粉昆虫种类，采用套袋实验测定传粉依存度，再结合2020年南充市相关农林经济数据对传粉昆虫为油菜授粉的传粉服务价值及其对农业经济的贡献程度进行评估初步计算。【结果】本次研究共有16种访花昆虫，隶属于6科12属，其中蜂类的人工蜂种为油菜主要的传粉者，油菜对昆虫传粉中度依赖，传粉依存度为0.28~0.39，传粉昆虫对油菜的传粉服务价值为56 752.248 0万元~79 047.774 0万元，占2020年南充市农业总产值的1.44%~2.01%。【结论】查明了南充市油菜种植区的传粉昆虫种类，测定了授粉作物油菜对传粉昆虫的传粉依存度，评估了传粉昆虫为油菜传粉的服务价值及其对农业经济的贡献程度，为后续传粉昆虫在南充市现代化农业授粉系统中的应用和生物资源保护方面提供了参考依据。

关键词：传粉昆虫；传粉依存度；传粉服务价值；南充市

 

Abstract: [Objective] Identify the pollinating insect species of Brassica rapa var. oleifera, the main pollinating crop in Nanchong city, measure the pollination dependency of rapeseed on pollinating insects, and evaluate the pollination service value of pollinating insects on rapeseed. [Method] The pollinating insect species of Brassica rapa var. oleifera plantations in Nanchong were investigated by random netting and sentinel observation methods, and pollination dependence was determined using bagging experiments, and then the pollination service value of pollinating insects for Brassica rapa var. oleifera pollination and the degree of contribution to agricultural economy were evaluated and preliminarily calculated by combining relevant agricultural and forestry economic data in Nanchong in 2020. [Result] In this study, there were 16 species of flower-visiting insects belonging to 6 families and 12 genera, among which the human bee species of wasps were the main pollinators of Brassica rapa var. oleifera, and Brassica rapa var. oleifera was moderately dependent on insect pollination with a pollination dependence of 0.28~0.39. The pollination service value of pollinating insects on rapeseed was 567.522 48 million yuan~790.477 74 million yuan, accounting for 1.44%~2.01% of the total agricultural output ralue of Nanchong in 2020. [Conclusion] The pollinator species in Brassica rapa var. oleifera growing area of Nanchong were identified, the pollination dependence of pollinating crop oilseed rape on pollinators was determined, and the service value of pollinators for Brassica rapa var. oleifera pollination and its contribution to agricultural economy were assessed, which provided a reference basis for the subsequent application of pollinators in the modern agricultural pollination system and biological resources conservation in Nanchong.

Keywords: pollinating insects; dependence degree of pollination; pollination service value; Nanchong city