蓝莓植株的振动特性分析与试验研究

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-3872.2024.06.001

基金项目：中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目“多激励非线性时变力场下的蓝莓采收振动机理研究”（2019T120248）；国家博士后基金面上项目“时空相关轮胎路谱耦合的蓝莓采摘振动机理研究”（2017M611338）

作  者：耿　雷¹ ，耿海潇¹ ，侯文晟² ，王　南¹ ，郭艳玲³

（1. 黑龙江科技大学机械工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150022；2. 江苏卫华海洋重工有限公司，江苏 南通 226200； 3. 东北林业大学机电工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040）

摘　要：【目的】采用机械振动式采摘方式进行蓝莓采摘，获得最佳采摘激振频率，以提高蓝莓采摘效率。【方法】在分析蓝莓植株生长形态后对蓝莓植株进行了物理建模，同时通过有限元仿真软件对蓝莓植株进行了模态分析与谐响应分析，并利用电动振动采摘试验台进行了激振频率为1 Hz、2 Hz、3 Hz的振动试验，获得不同侧枝前1 s~3 s的加速度。【结果】1）蓝莓植株的固有频率与阶数成正比关系，前12阶固有频率为2.08 Hz~5.04 Hz；2）蓝莓植株的各个侧枝加速度不同，同一侧枝的二级枝加速度大于一级枝加速度，所施加的最佳激振频率为1.9 Hz；3）蓝莓植株最佳采摘激振频率为1.8 Hz~1.9Hz，验证了蓝莓植株最佳激振频率与仿真分析的一致性。【结论】本研究可为机械振动式蓝莓采摘机激振频率范围选择提供理论依据，并为振动式蓝莓采收装置的设计提供理论基础。

关键词：蓝莓植株；机械化采收；模态分析；谐响应分析 

Analysis and Experimental Study on Vibration Characteristics of Blueberry Plants

Geng Lei¹ , Geng Haixiao¹ , Hou Wensheng² , Wang Nan¹ , Guo Yanling³

(1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Harbin 150022; 2.Jiangsu Weihua Ocean Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Nantong 226200; 3.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin 150040)

Abstract: [Objective] Using mechanical vibration picking method for blueberry picking to obtain the optimal picking vibration frequency and improve the efficiency of blueberry picking. [Method] After analyzing the growth morphology of blueberry plants, the research group conducted a physical modeling of the blueberry plants. At the same time, modal analysis and harmonic response analysis were conducted on the blueberry plants using finite element simulation software. Vibration tests were conducted using an electric vibration harvesting test bench with excitation frequencies of 1 Hz, 2 Hz and 3 Hz, obtaining accelerations of 1 s to 3 s before different lateral branches. [Result] 1) The natural frequency of blueberry plants is directly proportional to their order, with the first 12 natural frequencies ranging from 2.08 Hz to 5.04 Hz. 2) The acceleration of each lateral branch of blueberry plants is different. The acceleration of the second branch of the same lateral branch is greater than that of the first branch, and the optimal excitation frequency applied is 1.9 Hz. 3) The optimal picking vibration frequency of blueberry plants is 1.8 Hz~1.9 Hz, which verifies the consistency between the optimal vibration frequency of blueberry plants and simulation analysis. [Conclusion] This study can provide a theoretical basis for selecting the excitation frequency range of mechanical vibration blueberry harvesters, and provide a theoretical basis for the design of vibration blueberry harvesting devices.

Keywords: blueberry plant; mechanized harvesting; modal analysis; harmonic response analysis

引文信息：[1]耿雷，耿海潇，侯文晟，等.蓝莓植株的振动特性分析与试验研究[J].南方农机，2024，55(6)：1-6. 

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