DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-3872.2024.06.003
基金项目：中国农业科学院科技创新工程“都市农业基质开发与利用”（ASTIP2023-34-IUA-04）；成都农业科技中心地方财政专项资 金项目“植物源废弃物植物毒性低能耗快速处理技术研究”（NASC2023ST09）；四川省科技计划项目“食用菌菌渣固化基 质关键技术研究”（2021JDRC0025）
作 者：崔文仲1 ，周晚来2
（1. 成都大学机械工程学院，四川 成都 610100；2. 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所，四川 成都 610213）
摘 要：【目的】近年来，我国为解决严峻的碳排放问题，提出了“碳达峰、碳中和”的“双碳”目标。【方法】课题组从原理、应用及意义三个方面对农业废弃物基料化利用及新型基质种植技术进行了介绍，并明确提出未来农业废弃物基料化利用及新型基质种植技术的发展存在规模化问题、经济问题和政策环境问题，需要政府、企业及科研人员共同合作才能逐步解决。【结果】1）保证泥炭地的碳汇对于实现“双碳”目标有绝对重要的意义，对农业废弃物进行基料化利用替代传统泥炭基质，可以显著减少泥炭的开采，保证泥炭地的自然碳汇；2）对农业废弃物进行基料化利用不仅可以减少其他基质材料资源损耗，还能减少秸秆类废弃物燃烧导致的污染排放，而新型基质种植技术的发掘可以显著增加绿色植物种植面积，助力实现人工碳汇。【结论】未来，可以尝试建立“农业废弃物—基料化利用—植物种植—农业废弃物”的近闭环系统，不断克服技术难点、体系问题、规模化问题和政策环境等方面的挑战，以推动农业可持续发展。
关键词：基质种植；海绵城市；碳汇；荒漠化治理
Feasibility Analysis of Agricultural Waste Base Material Utilization under the Background of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals
Cui Wenzhong1 , Zhou Wanlai2
(1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Sichuan Chengdu 610100; 2.Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sichuan Chengdu 610213)
Abstract: [Objective] In recent years, China has proposed the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals to solve the severe carbon emission problem. [Method] The research group introduced the utilization of agricultural waste materials and new substrate planting technologies from three aspects: principle, application, and significance. It was clearly pointed out that there are scale, economic, and policy environment issues in the future development of agricultural waste materials utilization and new substrate planting technologies, which require cooperation from the government, enterprises, and researchers to gradually solve. [Result] 1) Ensuring the carbon sink of peatlands is of absolute importance for achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. The use of agricultural waste as a substrate to replace traditional peat substrates can significantly reduce peat extraction and ensure the natural carbon sink of peatlands. 2) The substrate utilization of agricultural waste can not only reduce the loss of other substrate resources, but also reduce the pollution emissions caused by the combustion of straw waste. The excavation of new substrate planting technologies can significantly increase the planting area of green plants and help achieve artificial carbon sequestration. [Conclusion] In the future, efforts can be made to establish a closed-loop system of “agricultural waste - substrate utilization - plant planting - agricultural waste”, continuously overcoming technical difficulties, system problems, scale problems, and policy environment challenges, in order to promote sustainable agricultural development.
Keywords: substrate planting; sponge city; carbon sink; desertification control
引文信息：[1]崔文仲，周晚来.“双碳”背景下农业废弃物基料化利用可行性分析[J].南方农机，2024，55(6)：10-14.
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