DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-3872.2024.17.010
作 者：师 帅 （河北工程大学水电学院，河北 邯郸 056038）
摘 要：分汊河道是自然界中一种特定且常见的河道，其分流特性是决定分汊河道兴衰的重要标志。为了使分流比可以按照规划设计的方向发展，文章对分汊河道分流特性的相关研究进行综述，通过现场观测及资料的统计分析、物理试验与数值模拟三种研究方法对分汊河道的分流特性进行阐述，介绍了多种分流比估算方法，并对它们的适用性及推导结果进行分析。研究结果表明：现场观测与物理试验方法得到的数据真实可靠，但耗时较长且不可避免人为误差，而数值模拟方法因能够克服试验条件与周期的限制且具有较高精度，逐步成为研究分汊河道分流特性的主要方法。但目前针对多级分汊河道分流比的研究较少，而多级分汊河道在自然界中也有部分存在，且在汛期来临前于分汊口处人工开挖一根汊道可以增强汛期时河道的泄流排洪能力，这将为灌溉、防洪安全提供重要保障。因此，对多级分汊河道分流比的研究具有现实意义，是未来的重要发展方向。
关键词：分汊河道；分流比；研究进展
Progress in Research on Diversion Characteristics of Branched Rivers
Shi Shuai (College of Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Hebei Handan 056038)
Abstract: A bifurcated river is a specific and common type of river in nature, and its diversion characteristics are an important indicator of the rise and fall of bifurcated rivers. In order to develop the diversion ratio according to the direction of planning and design, this article reviews the relevant research on the diversion characteristics of bifurcated rivers. Through on-site observation and statistical analysis of data, physical experiments, and numerical simulations, the diversion characteristics of bifurcated rivers are elaborated. Multiple diversion ratio estimation methods are introduced, and their applicability and derivation results are analyzed. The research results indicate that the data obtained from on-site observation and physical experimental methods are true and reliable, but time-consuming and inevitably subject to human error. However, numerical simulation methods have gradually become the main method for studying the diversion characteristics of bifurcated rivers due to their ability to overcome the limitations of experimental conditions and cycles and have high accuracy. However, there is currently limited research on the diversion ratio of multi-stage bifurcated rivers, which also exist in some parts of nature. Moreover, manually excavating a channel at the bifurcation before the flood season can enhance the river’s discharge capacity during the flood season, this will provide important guarantees for irrigation and flood control safety. Therefore, the study of the diversion ratio of multi-stage bifurcated rivers has practical significance and is an important direction for future development.
Keywords: branched river channels; split ratio; research progress
引文信息：[1]师帅.分汊河道分流特性研究进展[J].南方农机，2024，55(17)：42-44+56.
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