DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-3872.2024.22.007
基金项目：贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合支撑[2021]一般535）；贵州省工业和信息化厅课题（黔工信函[2023]22号）
作 者：许 盛 ，史德海 ，赵传彬 ，迟宝堃 ，朱道萌 ，杨潍泽 （贵州电子信息职业技术学院，贵州 黔东南州 556000）
摘 要：【目的】设计一款符合烟苗井窖式移栽技术农艺要求的成穴钻头，提高成穴质量，促进幼苗生长发育。【方法】采用理论分析与试验相结合的方法，试制了一款上部采用瓦片式叶片挤密成形、下部采用螺旋叶片切削成形的钻头。先进行结构参数设计，然后对钻头三维建模，最后通过有限元分析软件和田间试验对钻头工况和成穴质量进行了分析。【结果】1）钻头最大应力发生在瓦片式叶片与转轴连接处的上半部分，为128 MPa，小于许用应力146 MPa；钻头的最大形变发生在瓦片式叶片的上部边缘处，为0.272 mm，满足设计要求。2）钻头成穴时排土量为290 g、井窖宽度为9.5 cm、井窖深度为20.2 cm、回土深度为3.5 cm、井窖内壁紧实度为15.2 N·cm2 。3）钻头在工作时的振动加速度约为10.88 m/s2 。【结论】用该钻头制作的井窖尺寸符合农艺要求，井窖内壁粗糙、稳定性好，有利于烟苗前期的生长发育；农用机械可保持良好的操作舒适性，符合人机工程学原理。
关键词：钻头；井窖；叶片；有限元分析；振动
Design of Well Cellar Transplanting Hole Drill Bit
Xu Sheng, Shi Dehai, Zhao Chuanbin, Chi Baokun, Zhu Daomeng, Yang Weize
(Guizhou Vocational Technology College of Electronics & Information, Guizhou Qiandongnan Prefecture 556000)
Abstract: [Objective] To design a hole forming drill bit that meets the agronomic requirements of tobacco seedling cellar transplanting technology, improve hole forming quality, and promote seedling growth and development. [Method] A drill bit was developed by combining theoretical analysis and experimentation, with the upper part formed by tile shaped blade compression and the lower part formed by spiral blade cutting. Firstly, structural parameter design was carried out, followed by 3D modeling of the drill bit. Finally, the working conditions and cavity quality of the drill bit were analyzed through finite element analysis software and field experiments. [Result] 1) The maximum stress on the drill bit occurs in the upper half of the connection between the tile shaped blade and the shaft, at 128 MPa, which is lower than the allowable stress of 146 MPa; The maximum deformation of the drill bit occurs at the upper edge of the tile shaped blade, which is 0.272 mm, meeting the design requirements. 2) The soil discharge during drilling is 290 g, the pit width is 9.5 cm, the pit depth is 20.2 cm, the backfill depth is 3.5 cm, and the compactness of the pit inner wall is 15.2 N·cm2 . 3) The vibration acceleration of the drill bit during operation is approximately 10.88 m/s2 . [Conclusion] The size of the well cellar made with this drill bit meets the requirements of agronomy. The inner wall of the well cellar is rough and stable, which is conducive to the early growth and development of tobacco seedlings. The agricultural machinery can maintain good operational comfort, which conforms to the principles of ergonomics.
Keywords: drill; pit; blade; finite element analysis; vibration
引文信息：[1]许盛，史德海，赵传彬，等.井窖式移栽成穴钻头设计[J].南方农机，2024，55(22)：27-30.
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