DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-3872.2025.03.003
基金项目：聊城职业技术学院科技计划项目“基于单片机控制的大棚蔬菜采摘运输设备的研究与设计”（2022LZYK03）
作 者：丁海峰 ，孙纲鑫（聊城职业技术学院，山东 聊城 252000）
摘 要：【目的】目前大棚蔬菜采摘设备存在人工劳动强度大、效率低、使用受限等问题，因此亟需研发一款性价比高的大棚蔬菜采摘助力装备。【方法】在大量实地调研和实践的基础上，设计了一种基于单片机控制的新型大棚蔬菜采摘运输设备。该设备主要由换垄机构、张紧机构、传送机构和支撑机构四部分组成，分析了该设备的总体设计思路，并详细阐述了各机构设计及关键技术和创新点。【结果】该运输设备具有结构简单、造价低、使用方便、机械化程度高、适应性强等特点，换垄机构不仅能实现宽度可调以适应不同垄宽，而且可以通过链传动实现机械换垄，同时采用“对对门”支撑，能有效防止钢丝绳下垂，方便菜筐通过。【结论】该大棚蔬菜采摘运输设备能极大程度降低人工劳动强度，提高采摘效率，具有很好的市场前景。未来还将研发自主识别采摘设备，实现大棚蔬菜采摘的全自动化，真正实现从“多人管一棚”到“一人管多棚”的转变。
关键词：蔬菜采摘；机械换垄；农业机械；效率
Research and Design of Greenhouse Vegetable Picking and Transportation Equipment
Author: Ding Haifeng, Sun Gangxin (Liaocheng Vocational and Technical College, Liaocheng 252000, China)
Abstract: [Objective] Currently, greenhouse vegetable picking equipment has problems such as high manual labor intensity, low efficiency and limited use. Therefore, it is urgent to design a cost-effective greenhouse vegetable picking assistance equipment to address the above technical challenges. [Method] On the basis of extensive field research and practice, a new type of greenhouse vegetable picking and transportation equipment based on single-chip microcomputer control was designed. The equipment mainly consists of four parts: ridge changing mechanism, tensioning mechanism, conveying mechanism, and support mechanism. The overall design concept of the equipment is analyzed, and the design of each mechanism, key technologies and innovation points are elaborated in detail. [Result] The transportation equipment has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, easy use, high degree of mechanization and strong adaptability. The ridge changing mechanism can not only achieve adjustable width to adapt to different ridge widths, but also realize mechanical ridge changing through chain transmission. At the same time, it adopts “opposite doors” support, which can effectively prevent the steel wire rope from sagging and facilitate the passage of vegetable baskets. [Conclusion] The greenhouse vegetable picking and transportation equipment can greatly reduce manual labor intensity, improve picking efficiency, and has good market prospects. In the future, independent identification and harvesting equipment will be developed to achieve full automation of vegetable harvesting in greenhouses, truly realizing the transformation from “multiple people managing one shed” to “one person managing multiple sheds”.
Keywords: vegetable picking; mechanical ridge changing; agricultural machinery; efficiency
引文信息：[1]丁海峰，孙纲鑫.大棚蔬菜采摘运输设备的研究与设计[J].南方农机，2025，56(3)：15-18.
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