DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-3872.2023.10.001
基金项目：湖北省烟草公司科技项目“以全程机械化为基础的烟草农业生产方式转型升级研究”（027Y2021-012）
作者：吴元华1，王勉2，望运喜3，董长燕4，刘小斌5，刘阳6， 舒照鹤7，陈兵8，朱文华9，宋万康9，赵家兴10
（1. 中国农业科学院烟草研究所，山东 青岛 266101；2. 湖北省烟草公司，湖北 武汉 430030；3. 湖北省宜昌烟草公司兴山营销部，湖北 宜昌 443700；4. 湖北省烟草公司襄阳市公司，湖北 襄阳 441100；5. 湖北省烟草公司十堰市公司，湖北 十堰 442000；6. 湖北省恩施州烟草公司来凤营销部，湖北 恩施州 445700；7. 湖北省恩施州烟草公司鹤峰营销部，湖北 恩施州 445800；8. 湖北省十堰市烟草公司房县营销部，湖北 十堰 442100；9. 湖北省烟草公司襄阳市公司保康营销部，湖北 襄阳 441600；10. 湖北省十堰市烟草公司丹江口营销部，湖北 十堰 442700）
Analysis on the Factors Influencing the Applicability of Agricultural Machinery in the Field Production Link of Hubei Tobacco Region
(1.Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Shandong Qingdao 266101; 2.Hubei Tobacco Company, Hubei Wuhan 430030; 3.Xingshan Marketing Department of Hubei Yichang Tobacco Company, Hubei Yichang 443700; 4.Xiangyang Prefecture Company of Hubei Provincial Tobacco Corporation, Hubei Xiangyang 441100; 5.Shiyan Prefecture Company of Hubei Provincial Tobacco Corporation, Hubei Shiyan 442000; 6.Laifeng Marketing Department of Enshi Tobacco Company, Hubei Enshi 445700; 7.Hefeng Marketing Department of Enshi Tobacco Company, Hubei Enshi 445800; 8.Fangxian Marketing Department of Shiyan Tobacco Company, Hubei Shiyan 442100; 9.Baokang Marketing Department of Xiangyang Tobacco Company, Hubei Xiangyang 441600; 10.Danjiangkou Marketing Department of Shiyan Tobacco Company, Hubei Shiyan 442700)
摘 要：【目的】进一步明确影响湖北省不同烟区农业生产机械化作业率的主要因素和改造创新关键环节，从而有针对性地进行改进研究，提高农机配置与应用融合度。【方法】对湖北省恩施州、宜昌市、十堰市和襄阳市的4个烟叶生产县的核心示范区农机配置、使用现状以及农机作业生产条件进行调查研究。【结果】湖北烟区农机动力范围以50 HP~90 HP大中型和4 HP~10 HP小微型两类为主，50 HP以上动力配置大中型农机的作业质量和作业效率优于小微型农机。耕整地环节大中型农机适用性较高，缓坡平地和地块连片性较高区域大中型农机适用性较高。田间通达度和田块平整度是机型选择的重要影响因素，地块面积和形状对机型适用性影响也较为明显，受农机农艺融合度较差限制的主要是移栽和采收环节。【结论】在宜机化水平较高区域，提高大中型农机作业率；在宜机化水平偏低区域，加大宜机化改造的同时提高小微型农机作业效率；在宜机化水平较低、适用农机较少区域，研制全部或部分替代人工的便携式农机具，降低人工劳动强度。
关键词：湖北烟区；田间生产；农机；适用性
Abstract: [Objective] To further clarify the main factors that affect the mechanization rate of agricultural production in different tobacco areas in Hubei Province and the key links of transformation and innovation, so as to carry out targeted improvement research and improve the integration of agricultural machinery configuration and application. [Method] An investigation was conducted in the core demonstration areas of four tobacco production counties in Enshi Prefecture, Yichang City, Shiyan City, and Xiangyang City, Hubei Province about the configuration of agricultural machinery, the current situation of its use, and the production conditions of agricultural machinery operations. [Result] The power range of agricultural machinery in Hubei tobacco growing areas is mainly divided into two types: 50 HP to 90 HP large and medium-sized agricultural machinery and 4 HP to 10 HP small and micro agricultural machinery. The operation quality and efficiency of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery equipped with power above 50 HP are better than those of small and micro agricultural machinery. The applicability of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery in the cultivation and land preparation process is high, and the applicability of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery is high in areas with gentle slopes, flat land, and high plot connectivity. Field accessibility and field flatness are important influencing factors for model selection. The area and shape of the plot also have asignificant impact on the suitability of the model. The main limitations of poor integration of agricultural machinery and agronomyare the transplanting and harvesting processes. [Conclusion] In areas with high levels of suitable mechanization, improve theoperation rate of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery. In areas with low levels of suitable mechanization, increase thetransformation of suitable mechanization while improving the operational efficiency of small and micro agricultural machinery. Inareas with low levels of suitable mechanization and few suitable agricultural machinery, develop portable agricultural machinerythat can completely or partially replace manual labor to reduce manual labor intensity.
Keywords: Hubei tobacco planting area; field production; agricultural machinery; applicability
引文信息：[1]吴元华，王勉，望运喜，等.湖北烟区田间生产环节农机适用性影响因素分析[J].南方农机，2023，54(10)：1-7.
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