DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-3872.2023.10.039
作者：张培新，黄璐路，吕亮亮，孙雪茹（新疆理工学院机电工程学院，新疆 阿克苏 843000）
摘 要：【目的】现阶段对于微通道内流体的流动特性规律的研究还不是很成熟，需要进一步研究微通道结构换热器对常规电子设备受热特性的优化情况。【方法】本研究设计加工了形状为渐缩渐扩节流型微通道散热器，以液体水为试验的流动工质，动力装置由隔膜计量泵提供，利用铜棒模拟现实生活中常见的热源，通过改变隔膜计量泵的滑动手轮，实现调节进入渐缩渐扩节流型微通道的工质流量。【结果】1）工质在通道入口端是简单的单相对流换热，具有较低的传热系数，使得温度相对较高。当工质经过空化结构时，由于截面积变小，使得工质流速增大、压力变小，在突扩界面处出现空化泡的两相传热。2）随着进口流量的积累逐渐大于出口流量的积累，使得进出口两端的压差不断增大。3）稳定状态下进出口压力的周期性波动与计量泵提供的流量周期性波动有关系。4）对于不同恒温的试验流体通过微通道时，随着时间的延迟，输入的热量越来越多，加热棒温度越来越高，微通道入口温度与输入热量呈线性关系。5）微通道内的流体流动时的雷诺数和通道对流体的阻力系数呈现递减的规律。在可以接受的误差范围内，当试验工质处于层流阶段时，摩擦阻力系数与理论模拟关系式模拟的结果误差相对较小。
关键词：散热性能；实验模拟；流动换热
Abstract: [Objective] Currently, the research on the flow characteristics of fluid in microchannels is not very mature, and further research is needed to optimize the heating characteristics of conventional electronic devices using microchannel structured heat exchangers. [Method] In this study, a microchannel radiator with a gradually decreasing and gradually expanding throttling flow pattern was designed and fabricated, using liquid water as the experimental flow medium. The power device was provided by a diaphragm metering pump. A copper rod was used to simulate common heat sources in real life. By changing the sliding handwheel of the diaphragm metering pump, the flow rate of the working medium entering the gradually decreasing and gradually expanding throttling flow pattern microchannel was adjusted. [Result] 1) The working medium is a simple single-phase convective heat transfer at the inlet of the channel, with a lower heat transfer coefficient, making the temperature relatively high. When the working medium passes through a cavitation structure, due to the reduced cross-sectional area, the flow rate of the working medium increases and the pressure decreases, resulting in two-phase heat transfer of cavitation bubbles at the sudden expansion interface. 2) As the accumulation of inlet flow gradually exceeds the accumulation of outlet flow, the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet ends continuously increases. 3) The periodic fluctuation of inlet and outlet pressure in a stable state is related to the periodic fluctuation of the flow provided by the metering pump. 4) When experimental fluids with different constant temperatures pass through the microchannel, as time delays, more and more heat is input, and the temperature of the heating rod becomes higher and higher. The microchannel inlet temperature has a linear relationship with the input heat. 5) The Reynolds number of the fluid flowing in the microchannel and the channel resistance coefficient to the fluid show a decreasing rule. Within an acceptable error range, when the experimental medium is in the laminar flow stage, the error between the friction resistance coefficient and the theoretical simulation relationship simulation results is relatively small.
Keywords: heat dissipation performance; experimental simulation; flow heat transfer
引文信息：[1]张培新，黄璐路，吕亮亮，等.节流型微通道流动换热系统研究[J].南方农机，2023，54(10)：129-133.
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