南方丘陵山区耕地“非粮化”特征及其形势与对策探究——以湘西土家族苗族自治州为例

作者：何贵新¹，黄利红²，左志良¹（1. 湘西土家族苗族自治州卫星应用技术中心，湖南 湘西州 416000；2. 吉首市交通运输局，湖南 湘西州 416000）

(1.Xiangxi Tujiazu and Miaozu Autonomous Prefecture Satellite Application Technology Center，Hunan Xiangxi 416000; 2.Jishou City Transportation Bureau, Hunan Xiangxi 416000)

 

摘　要：【目的】防止耕地“非粮化”对促进耕地可持续利用具有重大意义。丰富对不同地区耕地“非粮化”特征、形势和形成原因的认知，可为制定有效的耕地“非粮化”管控策略提供科学依据，为更好地防治耕地“非粮化”提供基础。【方法】本研究以遥感数据、社会经济空间数据集等为基础，采用空间分析与空间统计等方法探究湘西州2000—2015年的耕地“非粮化”时空格局特征，并在此基础上尝试分析湘西州耕地“非粮化”的形势与相应的对策。【结果】1）2000年以来，湘西州耕地非粮化率在39%~47%之间浮动，呈现出以2010年为节点先缓慢降低后快速升高的规律，且呈现出较明显的时空分异特征。2）随着时间推移，耕地“非粮化”低—低、高—高类型的空间在不断扩大，说明耕地“非粮化”存在较强的空间自相关性。3）在城市周边较易发生耕地“非粮化”现象，另外，距离县城10 km~25 km、人口密度较小的山区，耕地非粮化率出现了快速增加的现象。【结论】在治理耕地“非粮化”的时候需要结合区位、人口、地形等因素优化农业产业布局，以避免耕地“非粮化”的无序扩张；应当把耕地“非粮化”管控向非食物化管控方向调整，并且明确耕地转型应当以耕地质量保护为前提，即在不破坏耕地质量的前提下进行食物种植结构调整，以协调人民追求美好生活、保护耕地和生态安全的多重目标需求。

关键词：耕地；“非粮化”；时空格局；影响因素；南方丘陵山区

 

Abstract: [Objective] Preventing the non-grain of cultivated land is of great significance for promoting sustainable utilization of cultivated land. Enriching the understanding of the characteristics, situation, and causes of non-grain cultivated land in different regions can provide scientific basis for formulating effective control strategies for non-grain cultivated land, and provide a basis for better prevention and control of non-grain cultivated land. [Method] Based on remote sensing data, socio-economic spatial data sets, and other methods, this study used spatial analysis and spatial statistics to explore the spatiotemporal pattern characteristics of farmland non-grain in Xiangxi Prefecture from 2000 to 2015, and attempted to analyze the situation and corresponding countermeasures of farmland non-grain in Xiangxi Prefecture. [Result] 1) Since 2000, the rate of non-grain conversion of cultivated land in Xiangxi Prefecture has fluctuated between 40% and 47%, showing a law of slow decrease and rapid increase with 2010 as a node, and showing a significant spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics. 2) Over time, the space of low-low and high-high types of farmland non-grain conversion is expanding, indicating that there is a strong spatial autocorrelation of farmland non-grain conversion. 3) The phenomenon of non-grain conversion of cultivated land is more likely to occur around cities. In addition, in mountainous areas with a small population density and a distance of 10 km to 25 km from the county seat, the rate of non-grain conversion of cultivated land has increased rapidly. [Conclusion] When controlling the non-grain of cultivated land, it is necessary to optimize the layout of agricultural industries by combining factors such as location, population, and terrain to avoid the disorderly expansion of the non-grain of cultivated land. It is necessary to adjust the non-grain control of cultivated land to non-food control, and clarify that the transformation of cultivated land should be based on the premise of protecting the quality of cultivated land, that is, to adjust the food planting structure without damaging the quality of cultivated land, in order to coordinate the people’s multiple goal needs of pursuing a better life, protecting cultivated land, and ecological security.

Keywords: cultivated land; non-grain production; spatiotemporal pattern; influence factors; hilly areas in southern China